![]() ![]() A good solution to prevent this interference is to break the symmetry on the ϕ of the beam, by placing radiation nulls and/or maximums in the appropriate directions. Neighbouring users become another source of interference. A range of θ from 10° to 65° is suggested for the beam, while ϕ-symmetrical fields are preserved. In these cases, it is very useful to produce a toroidal beam with linearly polarized fields to prevent the interference coming from reflections on the walls and the floor of the room. In a large number of applications, such as WLAN, the radiating elements are installed on the ceiling of the room. This procedure has been firstly validated by analyzing an array of monopoles on a ground plane, and then it has been applied to synthesize a prescribed radiation pattern optimizing the reactive loads connected to the feeding ports of the array of circular patches by means of a genetic algorithm. The whole behaviour of the array is characterized including all the mutual coupling effects between its elements. A global generalized scattering matrix (GSM) in terms of spherical modes is obtained analytically from the GSM of the isolated patches by using rotation and translation properties of spherical waves. The application of a 3D domain decomposition finite-element and spherical mode expansion for the design of planar ESPAR (electronically steerable passive array radiator) made with probe-fed circular microstrip patches is presented in this work. ![]()
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